How does bipolar disorder differ from major depressive disorder?

Bipolar disorder is characterized by the presence of mood swings that include both depressive episodes and distinct periods of mania or hypomania. This manic phase is a defining feature that separates bipolar disorder from major depressive disorder, which is characterized solely by depressive episodes without the occurrence of mania.

During the manic phase, individuals might experience heightened energy, euphoria, decreased need for sleep, increased talkativeness, and impulsive or risky behaviors. The presence of these manic episodes is crucial for the diagnosis of bipolar disorder, while major depressive disorder solely consists of significant and persistent low mood and associated symptoms. This distinction highlights how bipolar disorder encompasses a broader range of mood experiences compared to major depressive disorder.