What role does dopamine play in schizophrenia according to research?

Dopamine plays a critical role in the development and manifestation of schizophrenia, with research indicating that an overactive dopamine system may significantly contribute to the symptoms of the disorder. This theory is often referred to as the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. It suggests that an excess of dopamine activity, particularly in certain brain pathways, is associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions. Medications that target the dopamine system, particularly antipsychotics, have been effective in reducing these symptoms, further supporting the notion that overactivity in dopamine transmission is a key factor in the disorder.

In contrast, the idea that the dopamine system is underactive does not align with the prevalent scientific understanding of schizophrenia. Similarly, stating that dopamine levels have no correlation with the disorder overlooks a significant body of research indicating the relationship between dopamine dysregulation and schizophrenia symptoms. Lastly, while dopamine does influence mood, its role extends beyond mood regulation, significantly impacting the cognitive and perceptual disturbances observed in schizophrenia.